目前單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率為 17% 左右，最高的達(dá)到 24 ％，這是目前所有種類的太陽(yáng)能電池中光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率最高的，但制作成本很大，以致于它還不能被大量廣泛和普遍地使用。由于單晶硅一般采用鋼化玻璃以及防水樹脂進(jìn)行封裝，因此其堅(jiān)固耐用，使用壽命最高可達(dá) 25 年。

多晶硅太陽(yáng)電池的制作工藝與單晶硅太陽(yáng)電池差不多，但是多晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率則要降低不少，其光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率約 15 ％左右。從制作成本上來(lái)講，比單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池要便宜一些，材料制造簡(jiǎn)便，節(jié)約電耗，總的生產(chǎn)成本較低，因此得到大量發(fā)展。此外，多晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池的使用壽命也要比單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池短。從性能價(jià)格比來(lái)講，單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池還略好。

非晶硅太陽(yáng)電池是 1976 年出現(xiàn)的新型薄膜式太陽(yáng)電池，它與單晶硅和多晶硅太陽(yáng)電池的制作方法完全不同，工藝過(guò)程大大簡(jiǎn)化，硅材料消耗很少，電耗更低，它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在弱光條件也能發(fā)電。但非晶硅太陽(yáng)電池存在的主要問(wèn)題是光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率偏低，目前國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平為 10 ％左右，且不夠穩(wěn)定，隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，其轉(zhuǎn)換效率衰減。

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells  

At present, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 17%, and the highest reaches 24%, which is the highest in all kinds of solar cells at present. However, the production cost is so high that it cannot be widely and widely used.   Because monocrine silicon is usually encapsulated in toughened glass and waterproof resin, it is durable and has a service life of up to 25 years.  

The picture  

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Polysilicon solar cells  

The production process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 15%.   In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the material is simple to manufacture, saves power consumption, and the total production cost is low, so it has been developed in large quantities.  In addition, the service life of polysilicon solar cells is shorter than that of monocrystalline solar cells.  In terms of performance-price ratio, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better.  

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Amorphous silicon solar cell (thin film solar cell)  

Amorphous silicon solar cell is a new type of thin film solar cell appeared in 1976, it is completely different from monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cell production method, greatly simplified process, silicon material consumption is less, lower power consumption, its main advantage is that it can also generate electricity under weak light conditions.   However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is the low photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is about 10% at the international advanced level and not stable enough. With the extension of time, its conversion efficiency decreases.